One of the earliest database management systems was based on the hierarchical model. In a hierarchical data model, the records have a parent-child relationship. Consider the application used for Production Planning in automobile manufacturing companies. The model of the database is shown in the following figure. The automobile manufacturer manufactures various models of cars. Each car model is decomposed... 

Another way to design an information system is known as staged database design approach. It is a top-down approach. It begins by analyzing the general requirements of the organization: As the process continues, these problems are analyzed in more details. The steps in this approach are as follows: Analyze User Environment: The first step in designing a database is to understand and analyze the...