Data: A collection of raw facts and figures is called data. Data is collected from different sources and is not very meaningful for making decisions. Data may consist of numbers, characters, symbols or pictures etc. Data is collected for different purposes.
Examples of Data:
Different organizations conduct surveys to know the opinion of the people about their product. In these surveys, people express their ideas and opinions about different issues. These ideas and opinions of the people are stored as data. The organizations use this data for the improvement of their products.
Types of Data: Data may he of the following types: (1) Numeric Data (2) Alphabetic Data (3) Alphanumeric Data
(1) Numeric Data: Numeric data consists of numeric digits from 0 to 9 like 10, 245 or -5. The numeric type of data may either be positive or negative.
(2) Alphabetic: Alphabetic data consists of alphabetic letters from A to Z, a to z and blank spaces e.g. IT Series”, “Computer” and “Islam” etc.
(3) Alphanumeric Data: Alphanumeric data consists of numeric digits (0 to 9), letters (A to Z) and all special characters like +, %, and @ etc. like “87%”, “$300” and “H17”.
Information: The processed data is called information. Information is an organized and processed form of data. It is more significant than data and is used for building decisions. For the processing we need to use data as an input and information as output. This information can he used again in some other processing and considered as data in that processing.
Example of Information:
The marks of a student in different subjects are the data. To calculate the total marks, the marks of different subjects are used as data and total marks is the information. Now, to calculate the average marks of the student, this information will he processed again. In this processing, the information is used as data average marks will be the information.
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